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<title>Common data model</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Common data model</span></span>

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<p>A <b>common data model</b> (<b>CDM</b>) can refer to any standardised <a href="Data_model" title="Data model">data model</a> which allows for <a href="Data" title="Data">data</a> and <a href="Information_exchange" title="Information exchange">information exchange</a> between different <a href="Application_software" title="Application software">applications</a> and <a href="Database" title="Database">data sources</a>. Common data models aim to standardise logical infrastructure so that related applications can "operate on and share the same data",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and can be seen as a way to "organize data from many sources that are in different formats into a standard structure".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A common data model has been described as one of the components of a "<a href="Technical_data_management_system#Comparison_between_strong_information_systems_and_weak_information_systems" title="Technical data management system">strong information system</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A standardised common data model has also been described as a typical component of a well designed <a href="Agile_application" title="Agile application">agile application</a> besides a common communication protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Providing a single common data model within an organisation is one of the typical tasks of a <a href="Data_warehouse" title="Data warehouse">data warehouse</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_common_data_models">Examples of common data models</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Border_crossings">Border crossings</h3></div>

<p><a href="Once-only_principle#X-trans.eu" title="Once-only principle">X-trans.eu</a> was a cross-border pilot project between the <a href="Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Free State of Bavaria</a> (Germany) and <a href="Upper_Austria" title="Upper Austria">Upper Austria</a> with the aim of developing a faster procedure for the application and approval of cross-border large-capacity transports. The portal was based on a common data model that contained all the information required for approval.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_data">Climate data</h3></div>

<p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/toolbox/doc/how-to/15_how_to_understand_the_common_data_model/15_how_to_understand_the_common_data_model.html">Climate Data Store Common Data Model</a> is a common data model set up by the <a href="Copernicus_Climate_Change_Service" title="Copernicus Climate Change Service">Copernicus Climate Change Service</a> for harmonising essential <a href="Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate variables</a> from different sources and data providers.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_information_technology">General information technology</h3></div>

<p>Within <a href="Service-oriented_architecture" title="Service-oriented architecture">service-oriented architecture</a>, S-RAMP is a specification released by <a href="Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a>, <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="Software_AG" title="Software AG">Software AG</a>, <a href="TIBCO" class="mw-redirect" title="TIBCO">TIBCO</a>, and <a href="Red_Hat" title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lublinsky_2010_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lublinsky_2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which defines a common data model for SOA repositories<sup id="cite_ref-Stam_2014_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stam_2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as an interaction protocol to facilitate the use of common tooling and sharing of data.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithson_2014_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithson_2014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Content_Management_Interoperability_Services" title="Content Management Interoperability Services">Content Management Interoperability Services</a> (CMIS) is an open standard for inter-operation of different <a href="Content_management_system" title="Content management system">content management systems</a> over the internet, and provides a common data model for typed files and folders used with <a href="Version_control" title="Version control">version control</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The NetCDF software libraries for array-oriented scientific data implements a common data model called the <a href="NetCDF#NetCDF-Java_common_data_model" title="NetCDF">NetCDF Java common data model</a>, which consists of three layers built on top of each other to add successively richer semantics.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Electronic_health_record#Common_data_model_(in_health_data_context)" title="Electronic health record">Electronic health record § Common data model (in health data context)</a></div>

<p>Within <a href="Genomic_and_medical_data" title="Genomic and medical data">genomic and medical data</a>, the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) research program established under the U.S. <a href="National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> has created a common data model for claims and electronic health records which can accommodate data from different sources around the world. PCORnet, which was developed by the <a href="Patient-Centered_Outcomes_Research_Institute" title="Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute">Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute</a>, is another common data model for health data including electronic health records and patient claims. The Sentinel Common Data Model was initially started as Mini-Sentinel in 2008. It is used by the Sentinel Initiative of the USA's Food and Drug Administration. The Generalized Data Model was first published in 2019. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was designed to be a stand-alone data model as well as to allow for further transformation into other data models (e.g., OMOP, PCORNet, Sentinel). It has a hierarchical structure to flexibly capture relationships among data elements. The <a href="JANUS_clinical_trial_data_repository" title="JANUS clinical trial data repository">JANUS clinical trial data repository</a> also provides a common data model which is based on the <a href="SDTM" title="SDTM">SDTM</a> standard to represent clinical data submitted to regulatory agencies, such as tabulation datasets, patient profiles, listings, etc.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logistics">Logistics</h3></div>

<p><a href="SX000i_-_International_guide_for_the_use_of_the_S-Series_of_Integrated_Logistics_Support_(ILS)_specifications" class="mw-redirect" title="SX000i - International guide for the use of the S-Series of Integrated Logistics Support (ILS) specifications">SX000i</a> is a specification developed jointly by the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe (ASD) and the American <a href="Aerospace_Industries_Association" title="Aerospace Industries Association">Aerospace Industries Association</a> (AIA) to provide information, guidance and instructions to ensure compatibility and the commonality. The associated SX002D specification contains a common data model.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microsoft_Common_Data_Model">Microsoft Common Data Model</h3></div>

<p>The Microsoft Common Data Model is a collection of many standardised extensible data schemas with entities, attributes, semantic metadata, and relationships, which represent commonly used concepts and activities in various businesses areas. It is maintained by <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> and its partners, and is published on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft's Common Data Model is used amongst others in <a href="Microsoft_Dataverse" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Dataverse">Microsoft Dataverse</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with various <a href="Microsoft_Power_Platform" title="Microsoft Power Platform">Microsoft Power Platform</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Microsoft_Dynamics_365" title="Microsoft Dynamics 365">Microsoft Dynamics 365</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> services.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail_transport">Rail transport</h3></div>

<p><a href="RailTopoModel" title="RailTopoModel">RailTopoModel</a> is a common data model for the <a href="Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">railway sector</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div>

<p>There are many more examples of various common data models for different uses published by different sources.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Apache_OFBiz" title="Apache OFBiz">Apache OFBiz</a>, an open source enterprise resource planning system which provides a common data model</li>

<li><a href="Canonical_model" title="Canonical model">Canonical model</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_Reference_Model" title="Data Reference Model">Data Reference Model</a>, one of five reference models of the U.S. government <a href="Federal_enterprise_architecture" title="Federal enterprise architecture">federal enterprise architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_platform_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Data platform (disambiguation)">Data platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Semantic_Framework" title="Open Semantic Framework">Open Semantic Framework</a>, which internally uses the <a href="Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> to convert all data to a common data model</li>

<li><a href="Requirements_Interchange_Format" title="Requirements Interchange Format">Requirements Interchange Format</a></li>

<li><a href="Generic_data_model" title="Generic data model">Generic data model</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.synopsys.com/glossary/what-is-common-data-model.html">What is a Common Data Model? – How Does it Work? | Synopsys</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jamesserra.com/archive/2019/06/common-data-model/">Common Data Model | James Serra's Blog</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marcolazzari.it/publications/weak-information-systems-for-technical-data-management-preprint.pdf">Salvaneschi, Paolo; Lazzari, Marco (1997). Weak information systems for technical data management (PDF). Worldwide ECCE Symposium on computers in the practice of building and civil engineering. Lahti, Finland. pp. 310–314. Retrieved 2015-11-29</a></span>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/data-modeling">"What is Data Modeling? | IBM"</a>. <i>www.ibm.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-04</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Lublinsky_2010-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lublinsky_2010_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boris Lublinsky HP, IBM, Software AG and TIBCO Releases Version 0.9 of the SOA Repository Specification - <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.infoq.com/news/2010/04/SOARepository">http://www.infoq.com/news/2010/04/SOARepository</a> InfoQ, April 27, 2010</span>

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<li id="cite_note-Stam_2014-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stam_2014_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kurt Stam, Eric Wittmann S-RAMP Version 1.0. Part 1: Foundation - <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://docs.oasis-open.org/s-ramp/s-ramp/v1.0/s-ramp-v1.0-part1-foundation.html">http://docs.oasis-open.org/s-ramp/s-ramp/v1.0/s-ramp-v1.0-part1-foundation.html</a> OASIS, December 23, 2013</span>

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<li id="cite_note-Smithson_2014-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smithson_2014_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Smithson, Vincent Brunssen S-RAMP Version 1.0. Part 2: Atom Binding - <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://docs.oasis-open.org/s-ramp/s-ramp/v1.0/s-ramp-v1.0-part2-atom-binding.html">http://docs.oasis-open.org/s-ramp/s-ramp/v1.0/s-ramp-v1.0-part2-atom-binding.html</a> OASIS, December 23, 2013</span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVstath" class="citation journal cs1">Vstath, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/9403826">"Content Management Interoperability Services (CMIS) Version 1"</a>.</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite journal}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (help)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDaneseHalperinDuryeaDuryea2019" class="citation journal cs1">Danese, Mark D.; Halperin, Marc; Duryea, Jennifer; Duryea, Ryan (2019-06-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6591926">"The Generalized Data Model for clinical research"</a>. <i>BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making</i>. <b>19</b> (1): 117. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12911-019-0837-5">10.1186/s12911-019-0837-5</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1472-6947">1472-6947</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6591926">6591926</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31234921">31234921</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/Microsoft/CDM">GitHub - microsoft/CDM: The Common Data Model (CDM) is a standard and extensible collection of schemas (entities, attributes, relationships) that represents business concepts and activities with well-defined semantics, to facilitate data interoperability. Examples of entities include: Account, Contact, Lead, Opportunity, Product, etc.</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/common-data-model/use">About - Common Data Model - Common Data Model | Microsoft Docs</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radacad.com/what-is-the-common-data-model-and-why-should-i-care-part-3-of-dataflow-series-in-power-bi">What is the Common Data Model and Why Should I Care? Part 3 of Dataflow Series in Power BI - RADACAD</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nigelfrank.com/insights/microsoft-dynamics-365-the-common-data-model-explained">Microsoft Dynamics 365: the Common Data Model explained | Nigel Frank</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uic.org/com/enews/nr/365/article/uic-and-railml-act-for-creating-3939?page=modal_enews">UIC and railML act to create the foundations for a Universal Infrastructure Data Exchange Format | UIC Communications</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/taddm/7.3.0?topic=kit-introducing-common-data-model">Introducing the Common Data Model - IBM Documentation</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/cdm">Common Data Model (CDM) - EU Vocabularies - Publications Office of the EU</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.workato.com/features/common-data-model.html">Common data model | Workato Docs</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.bmc.com/docs/ac2002/common-data-model-concepts-908213436.html">Common Data Model concepts - Documentation for BMC CMDB 20.02 - BMC Documentation</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.evolveum.com/midpoint/reference/schema/common-data-model/">Common Data Model - Evolveum Docs</a></span>

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</style><div id="Data_model52" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Data_model" title="Data model">Data model</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Data_architecture" title="Data architecture">Architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_modeling" title="Data modeling">Modeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_structure" title="Data structure">Structure</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schemas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Conceptual_schema" title="Conceptual schema">Conceptual </a></li>

<li><a href="Logical_data_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Logical data model">Logical</a></li>

<li><a href="Physical_schema" title="Physical schema">Physical</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Database_model" title="Database model">Database</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_structure_diagram" title="Data structure diagram">Data structure diagram</a></li>

<li><a href="Entity%E2%80%93relationship_model" title="Entity–relationship model">Entity–relationship model</a> (<a href="Enhanced_entity%E2%80%93relationship_model" title="Enhanced entity–relationship model">enhanced</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Data_model_(GIS)" title="Data model (GIS)">Geographic</a></li>

<li><a href="Generic_data_model" title="Generic data model">Generic</a></li>

<li><a href="Semantic_data_model" title="Semantic data model">Semantic</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Data-flow_diagram" title="Data-flow diagram">Data-flow diagram</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_model" title="Information model">Information model</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_model" title="Object model">Object model</a></li>

<li><a href="Object%E2%80%93role_modeling" title="Object–role modeling">Object–role modeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">Unified Modeling Language</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Database_design" title="Database design">Database design</a></li>

<li><a href="Business_process_modeling" title="Business process modeling">Business process modeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Core_architecture_data_model" title="Core architecture data model">Core architecture data model</a></li>

<li><a href="Enterprise_modelling" title="Enterprise modelling">Enterprise modelling</a></li>

<li><a href="Function_model" title="Function model">Function model</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_modeling" title="Process modeling">Process modeling</a></li>

<li><a href="XML_schema" title="XML schema">XML schema</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_Format_Description_Language" title="Data Format Description Language">Data Format Description Language</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-26" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Common_data_model&oldid=1302538484">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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